Today’s physics news: Monday, 23 August 2010

Life on Mars provides tip that may boost solar power on Earth
Martian technology could help solve the world’s energy problems by improving solar power’s efficiency
Times  

Aliens ‘may be thinking machines’
The hunt for aliens should allow for the fact that ETs may be thinking machines rather than like us
BBC 
 
Nick Clegg backs tax on university graduates
Nick Clegg has become the most senior member of the Government to endorse introducing a “graduate tax” for university students.
Telegraph 
 
Solar system older than we thought
Meteorite hints at alternative beginning for the solar system
Physics World

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New research into high performance protein fibres

New research into high performance protein fibres  whats new in physics

Textile manufacturing is one of the largest industries in the world, and synthetic fibres represent two-thirds of the global textile market. Synthetic fibres are manufactured from petroleum-based feedstocks, which are becoming increasingly expensive as demand for finite petroleum reserves continues to rise.

For the last three decades, spider silks have been held up as a model that could inspire the production of protein fibres exhibiting high performance and ecological sustainability, but unfortunately, artificial spider silks have yet to fulfil this promise.

Previous work on the biomechanics of protein fibres from the slime of hagfishes suggests that these fibres might be a superior biomimetic model to spider silks. To find out more about the latest research into these fibres published in IOP Publishing’s Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, click here.

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$240 billion of green photonics by 2021

$240 billion of green photonics by 2021 whats new in physics

As more than 400 international experts gather at the University of Southampton today for one of the largest optics and photonics conference in Europe, Photon10, the latest developments in ‘green photonics’ will be shared.

A survey of green photonic technologies undertaken by the United States’ Optoelectronics Development Association (OIDA) suggests that the portion of optoelectronic technologies that will help reduce CO2-creating energy consumption will grow rapidly over the next decade.

From technology that affords more efficient electrical energy conversion from renewable sources to advances in consumer technology for energy-efficient home lighting and television screens, it is thought that green photonics will be generating $243 billion by 2021, five times the $46.6 billion generated in 2008.

President of OIDA, Fred Quan from Washington DC, will be opening the Institute of Physics’ (IOP) conference Photon10 this morning with a talk about the twin threats of rising carbon dioxide content in our atmosphere and the rising cost of energy, reflecting on the latest advances in the field to help the world address these threats.

Research into photovoltaics, aka solar power, is seen by many as key to addressing both of these challenges and it is research in optics and photonics that will increase the efficiency of conversion rates from the light of the sun into grid-ready electricity, making solar power an affordable and practical substitute for fossil fuels.  

Before the conference, President Quan has commented, “Photonic technologies will continue to drive energy efficiencies, enable cost effective applications, improve our healthcare, and help ensure our technological lifestyle continues.  The “green” philosophy will be led by LED lighting, displays, and photovoltaics.”

Allan Boardman, Chair of Photon10 and Professor of Applied Physics from the University of Salford, said, “Researchers gathering today at Photon10 in Southampton share the vision of a world not forced into technological regression by the threats of rising carbon dioxide levels and reduced energy security; rather a world improved by the need to address these challenges through the optimisation of world-changing technology.”

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Today’s physics news: Friday, 20 August 2010

Fate of Universe revealed by galactic lens
A “galactic lens” has revealed that the Universe will probably expand forever.
BBC
Telegraph

A-level students turning to sciences, figures show
Results day statistics released by the Joint Council for Qualifications showed physics, biology and chemistry are increasingly popular
Independent
Telegraph 
 
Surface cracks show the Moon is shrinking
Like a deflating balloon, the satellite is contracting as its interior cools, scientists believe.
Telegraph
Physics World

New Scientist

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Physics: number of A-level entrants roars beyond 30K

Physics: number of A level entrants roars beyond 30K whats new in physics

A-level results published this morning by the Joint Council for Qualifications show an increase for the fourth consecutive year in the number of students sitting examinations in physics across the UK.

The total number of students entered for physics A-level has risen by 5.2%, from 29 436 in 2009 to 30 976 in 2010.  This encouraging result is supported by a continued increase in AS level numbers, with the number of entrants increasing from 41 955 last year to 45 534 this year – an 8.5% increase. 

Although the number of entrants has increased much work is still required to reduce the gender divide in the physics classroom as the proportion of girls against boys taking physics exams remains stubbornly fixed at approximately 1 girl to every 3 boys.

There also remain concerns that some students – especially girls – are not following through from AS to A level – possibly because they think it will be easier to get a higher grade in other subjects despite the data showing that students who stick with the subject are very successful: 53% get an A*, A or B.  With universities looking to recruit students with good grades in traditional subjects, physics is a subject to stick with.

Charles Tracy, head of education pre-19 at the Institute of Physics (IOP), said, “Only five years ago we were meeting results day with a sense of dread as we anticipated further decreases in the number of physics entrants.  We are delighted that all of the hard work undertaken by policy makers, and through programmes like our own Stimulating Physics Network, is paying off.

“When it is taught well, physics is a rewarding and valuable subject for school students; however, there remain many schools where students don’t have access to the quality of teaching that will encourage them to pursue it beyond the age of 16.  The challenge now is to provide all students in all schools with the opportunities that many are now enjoying.”

Professor Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell, president of IOP, said, “The increase in candidate numbers is good news but we can not lose focus now.  We need the Government to continue expressing the importance of qualifications such as physics and avoid sending negative messages through hasty cuts to the UK’s science base.  Students will be encouraged to take subjects like physics if they can be assured that qualifications in physics lead to the brightest prospects.”

A Level 2008 2009 2010 % change from 2009
Total 28 096 29 436 30 976 +5.2%
Girls 6 155 6 538 6 668 +2.0%
Boys 21 941 22 898 24 308 +6.2%
Girl/Boy ratio 21.9%/78.1% 22.2%/77.8% 21.5%/78.5%

 

AS Level 2008 2009 2010 % change from 2009
Total 38 129 41 955 45 534 +8.5%
Girls 9 192 9 907 10 808 +9.1%
Boys 28 937 32 048 34 726 +8.4%
Girl/Boy ratio 24.1% / 75.9 % 23.6%/76.4% 23.7%/76.3%
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